The Oviedo fold analysis group is a multi-disciplinary team formed by members of the University of Oviedo (Spain). It was created in 1999 to gain insight into the 2D and 3D geometry and kinematics of folds and fault-related folds. The research carried out by this team consists of:

• Employing numerical, laboratory and field techniques to unravel the geometry and kinematics of both experimental and natural (field and subsurface) folds
• Developing new mathematical methods to analyse fold kinematics

• Folding mechanisms: theory and applications in economic and regional geology
  
  
• Kinematics of thrust-related folds and associated minor structures inferred from the analysis and modelling of syntectonic sediments
  
  
• Strain analysis in asymmetric folds; application to recumbent folds and to cross-section restoration
  
  
• Validation of numerical models of fault-related folds by comparison with natural and experimental examples: applications in hydrocarbon exploration
  
  
• 3D Modelling of folding kinematic mechanisms: application and validation of natural examples
  
  
• Mechanical análisis of the deformation distribution in folds
  
  

• Folds
  • Develop a theoretical method (direct and inverse algorithms) to unravel strain patterns on asymmetric fold profiles originated by superposition of folding steps involving different fold kinematic mechanismsi (flexural-flow, tangential longitudinal strain and generalised homogeneous strain)
    
    
  • Unravel the strain state and the folding mechanisms in asymmetric natural folds (folds with cleavage from NW Spain and the Pyrenees, and recumbent folds in the Westasturian-leonese Zone and in the Helvetic nappes) knowing strain measurements and fabric analysis
    
    
  • Understand the variation of the folding mechanisms as a function of the rheological properties and thickness of the folded layers by applying the numerical methods to the strain analysis in folds obtained from experimental or finite element methods (synthetic folds)
    
    
• Fault-related folds developed in different tectonic settings (contraction, extension, inversion, etc.)
  • Develop new tools to characterise the geometry and kinematics of fault-related folds
    
    
  • Determine the best algorithms to restore fault-related folds
    
    
  • Predict growth stratal, deformation and fracture patterns of fault-related folds: applications in natural resources exploration (water, minerals and hydrocarbons), geotechnical studies (tunnel and dump construction) and subsurface storage (radioactive material, CO2)
    
    

• Dr. Christopher D. Connors
  Department of Geology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, United States
  

  Dr. Connors was on sabbatical at the University of Oviedo during 2003 to analyse field examples and develop new models of growth fault-related folds in contractional settings together with members of the Oviedo team

• Dr. Stuart Hardy
  Institució catalana de recerca i estudis avançats (ICREA), Departament de Geología Dinámica i Geofísica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

  Dr. Stuart Hardy is collaborating with members of the Oviedo team to develop new numerical methods to quantify the parameters that characterise some types of fault-related folds

• Dr. José Luis Masaferro
  Carbonate Development Team, Shell International Exploration & Production B.V., Rijswijck, The Netherlands

  Dr. Masaferro supplied subsurface data (2D and 3D seismics, wells, Ultrasonic Borehole Image data) from different fault-related folds (offshore Cuba, Argentina, etc.) and collaborated with members of the Oviedo team in the analysis

• Dr. Rosana Menéndez-Duarte
  INDUROT, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres, Spain

  Dr. Menéndez-Duarte is collaborating with members of the Oviedo team in the development of the Archinfo software applied to strain measurement and textural analysis

• Dr. Josep Anton Muñoz de la Fuente
  Departament de Geología Dinámica i Geofísica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

  Members of the Oviedo team are collaborating with Dr. Muñoz to carry out a paleomagnetic analysis of the Ainsa Basin (Pyrenees, Spain)

• Dr. Scott Wilkerson
  Department of Geology and Geography, DePauw University, Greencastle, United States

  Dr. Wilkerson developed the Detach software to construct detachment fold models using an initial basic code created by members of the Oviedo team

• Dr. Sabina Bigi
  Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Roma, Italy

  Dr. Bigi is collaborating with members of the Oviedo team to analyze field examples from the Apennines (Italy)

• Detach (Excel spreadsheet)

  Software to construct detachment folds formed by different amplification mechanisms according to the models defined by Poblet & McClay (1996)

  
  This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9972993.
  Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s)
  and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation
  

• FoldModelerObliSurf (Mathematica system)

  Software to predict the geometry and strain distribution of theoretical folds formed according to the models defined by Bastida et al. (2003). It can be also used to model natural folds

• FoldModeler (Mathematica system)

  Software to predict the geometry and strain distribution of theoretical folds formed according to the models defined by Bastida et al. (2003). It can be also used to model natural folds

• Textures (Archinfo macros) (AML macros to shape-fabric analysis)

  Software to quantify the strain in rocks using several methods (Rf/f, Fry, Enhanced Fry, Aspas -juxtaposed segments-, etc.)

• NIANDU (MatLab Program)

  Software to simulate folds related to double-edge propagating faults

• Aller, J., Bobillo-Ares, N.C., Bastida, F., Lisle, R.J. (2008): Total bulk strain in flattened parallel folds Journal of Structural Geology, 30, 827-838.
  
  
• Aller, J.; Bastida, F.; Toimil, N.C. & Bobillo-Ares, N.C. (2004): The use of conic sections for the geometrical analysis of folded surface profiles. Tectonophysics, 379, 239-254
  
  
• Aller, J. & Gallastegui, J. (1994): Analysis of kilometric-scale superposed folding in the Central Coal Basin (Cantabrian zone, NW Spain). Journal of Structural Geology, 17: 961-969.
  
  
• Bastida, F. (1993): A new method for the geometrical classification of large data sets of folds. Journal of Structural Geology, 15: 69-78
  
  
• Bastida, F.; Aller, J. & Bobillo-Ares, N.C. (1999): Geometrical analysis of folded surfaces using simple functions. Journal of Structural Geology, 21: 729-742
  
  
• Bastida, F.; Aller, J. Bobillo-Ares, N.C; & Toimil, N.C. (2005): Fold geometry: a basis for their kinematical analysis. Earth-Science Reviews, 70: 129-164
  
  
• Bastida F.; Aller, J.; Toimil, N.C. & Bobillo-Ares, N.C. (2004): La cinemática del plegamiento: algunas claves geométricas para su interpretación Trabajos de Geología, 24: 9-41
  
  
• Bastida F.; Aller, J.; Toimil, N.C.; Lisle, R.J. & Bobillo-Ares, N.C. (2007): Some considerations on the kinematics of chevron folds Journal of Structural Geology, 29, 1185-1200
  
  
• Bastida, F.; Bobillo-Ares, N.C; Aller, J. & Toimil, N.C. (2003): Analysis of folding by superposition of strain patterns. Journal of Structural Geology, 25: 1121-1139
  
  
• Bobillo-Ares, N.C.; Aller, J.; Bastida, F.; Lisle, R.J. & Toimil, N.C., (2006): The problem of area change in tangential longitudinal strain folding. Journal of Structural Geology,28, 1835-1848
  
  
• Bobillo-Ares, N.C.; Bastida, F. & Aller , J. (2000): On tangential longitudinal strain folding. Tectonophysics, 319: 53-68
  
  
• Bobillo-Ares, N.C.; Aller, J.; Toimil, N.C. & Bastida , F. (2004): FoldModeler: a tool for the geometrical and kinematical analysis of folds. Computers & Geosciences, 30: 147-159
  
  
• Bulnes, M. & Marcos, A. (2001): Internal structure and kinematics of Variscan thrust sheets in the valley of the Trubia River (Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain): regional tectonic implications. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geologische Rundschau), 90 (2), 287-303
  
  
• Bulnes, M. & Aller, J. (2002): Three-dimensional geometry of large-scale fault-propagation folds in the Cantabrian Zone, NW Iberian Peninsula. Journal of Structural Geology, 24: 827-846
  
  
• Bulnes, M. & McClay, K. (1998): Structural analysis of the inverted central South Celtic Sea Basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 15, 667-687
  
  
• Bulnes, M. & McClay, K. (1999): Benefits and limitations of different 2D algorithms used in cross-section restoration of inverted extensional faults: application to physical experiments. Tectonophysics, 312 (2-4): 175-189
  
  
• Bulnes, M. & Poblet, J. (1998): Detachment folds with fixed hinges and variable detachment depth, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska: discussion. Journal of Structural Geology, 20(11): 1587-1590
  
  
• Bulnes, M. & Poblet, J. (1999): Estimating the detachment depth in cross sections involving detachment folds. Geological Magazine, 136: 395-412
  
  
• Bulnes, M; Poblet, J.; Seggiaro, R.E.; Aguilera, N.G.; Rodríguez-Fernández, L.R.; Heredia, H. & Alonso, J.L. (in press): Paleozoic to present-day kinematic evolution of the frontal part of the Andes between parallels 23^o and 24^oS (Jujuy province, Argentina). Trabajos de Geología, 29.
  
  
• Di Francesco, J.; Fabbi, S.; Sanantonio, M.; Poblet, J. y Bigi, S. (in press): Sequential restoration of Montagna dei Fiori fault-related fold (Central Apennines, Italy) using combined kinematic models.i Trabajos de Geología, 29.
  
  
• Fernández-Martínez, J.L. y Lisle, R.J. (2008): GenLab: a MATLAB - based program for structural analysis of folds. Computer & Geosciences, 35, 317-326.
  
  
• Fernández, F.J.; Aller, J. & Bastida, F. (2007): Kinematics of a kilometric recumbent fold: the Courel syncline (Iberian massif, NW Spain). Journal of Structural Geology, 29, 1650-1664
  
  
• Gutiérrez-Medina, M.; Poblet, J.; Pedreira, D. y López-Fernández, C. (in press): International Meeting of Young Researchers in Structural Geology and Tectonics (YORSGET-08): Introduction. Trabajos de Geología, 29.
  
  
• Hardy, S. & Poblet, J. (1994): Geometric and numerical model of progressive limb rotation in detachment folds. Geology, 22: 371-374
  
  
• Hardy, S. & Poblet, J. (1995): The velocity description of deformation. Paper 2: Sediment geometries associated with fault-bend folding and fault-propagation folds. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 12: 165-176
  
  
• Hardy, S. & Poblet, J. (2005): A method for relating fault geometry, slip rate and uplift data above fault-propagation folds. Basin Researchi, 17(3): 417-424 (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2005.00268.x)
  
  
• Lisle, R.J., Aller, J., Bastida, F., Bobillo-Ares, N.C., Toimil, N.C. (2009) : Volumetric strains in neutral surface folding. Terra Nova, 21, 14-20.
  
  
• Lisle, R.J.; Fernández Martínez, J.L.; Bobillo-Ares, N.C; Menéndez, O.; Aller, J. & Bastida, F. (in press): FOLD PROFILER: a Matlab-based program for fold shape classification. Computers & Geosciences
  
  
• Masaferro, J.L.; Bulnes, M.; Poblet, J. & Eberli, G.P. (2002): Episodic fold uplift inferred from the geometry of syntectonic carbonate sedimentation: the Santaren anticline, Bahamas foreland. Sedimentary Geology, 146(1/2): 11-24
  
  
• Masaferro, J.L.; Bulnes, M.; Poblet, J. & Casson, N. (2003): Kinematic evolution and fracture prediction of the Valle Morado structure inferred from 3-D seismic data, Salta province, northwest Argentina. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 87(7): 1083-1104
  
  
• Masaferro, J.L.; Poblet, J.; Bulnes, M.; Eberli, G.P.; Dixon, T.H. & McClay, K. (1999): Paleogene-Neogene/present day (?)growth folding in the Bahamian foreland of the Cuban fold and thrust belt. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 156: 617-631
  
  
• Masini, M.; Poblet, J. & Bulnes, M. (in press): Structural análisis and deformation architecture of a fault-propagation fold in the southern Cantabrian Mountains, NW Iberian Peninsula. Trabajos de Geología, 29.
  
  
• McClay, K.; Dooley, T.; Ferguson, A. & Poblet, J. (2000): Tectonic evolution of the Sanga Sanga Block, Mahakam delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 84(6): 765-786
  
  
• Muñoz, J.A.; McClay, K. & Poblet, J. (1994): Synchronous extension and contraction in frontal thrust sheets of the Spanish Pyrenees. Geology, 22: 921-924
  
  
• Lisle, R.J.; Fernández Martínez, J.L.; Bobillo-Ares, N.C.; Menéndez, O.; Aller, J. & Bastida, F., (2006): A MATLAB^© based program for fold shape classification Computer & Geosciences, 32, 103-108
  
  
• Poblet, J. (2004): Geometría y cinemática de pliegues relacionados con cabalgamientos. Trabajos de Geología, 24: 127-146
  
  
• Poblet, J. & Bulnes, M. (2005):
• Fault-slip, bed-length and area variations in experimental rollover anticlines over listric normal faults: influence in extension and depth to detachment estimations. Tectonophysics, 396: 97-117
  
  
• Poblet, J. & Bulnes, M. (2007): Predicting strain using forward modelling of restored cross sections: application to rollover anticlines over listric normal faults Journal of Structural Geology, 29: 1960-1970
  
  
• Poblet, J. & Hardy, S. (1995): Reverse modelling of detachment folds; application to the Pico del Aguila anticline in the South Central Pyrenees (Spain). Journal of Structural Geology, 17: 1707-1724
  
  
• Poblet, J. & McClay, K. (1996): Geometry and kinematics of single-layer detachment folds. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 80(7): 1085-1109
  
  
• Poblet, J.; Bulnes, M.; McClay, K.; Storti, F. & Mu–oz, J.A. (1997): Geometries of syntectonic sediments associated with single-layer detachment folds. Journal of Structural Geology, 19(3-4): 369-381
  
  
• Poblet, J.; Bulnes, M.; McClay, K.; & Hardy, S. (2004): Plots of crestal structural relief and fold area versus shortening: a graphical technique to unravel the kinematics of thrust-related folds. In: McClay, K. (ed.): Thrust tectonics and hydrocarbon systems. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 82: 372-399
  
  
• Poblet, J.; Muñoz, J.A.; Trave, A. & Serra-Kiel, J. (1998): Quantifying the kinematics of detachment folds using the 3D geometry: application to the Mediano anticline (Pyrenees, Spain). Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110(1): 111-125
  
  
• Storti, F. & Poblet, J. (1997): Growth stratal architectures associated with decollement folds and fault-propagation folds. Inferences on fold kinematics. Tectonophysics, 282: 353-373
  
  
• Suppe, J.; Sabat, F.; Mu–oz, J.A.; Poblet, J.; Roca, E. & Verges, J. (1997): Bed-by-bed fold growth by kink-band migration: Sant Llorenç de Morunys, eastern Pyrenees. Journal of Structural Geology, 19(3-4): 443-461
  
  
• Toimil, N.C. & Fernández, F.J. (2007): Kinematic analysis of symmetrical natural folds developed in competent layers Journal of Structural Geology, 29, 467-480
  
  
• Wilkerson, M.S.; Wilson, J.M.; Poblet, J. & Fischer, M. (2004): DETACH: an Excel spreadsheet to simulate 2-D cross sections of detachment folds. Computers & Geosciences, 30: 1069-1077
  
  

• Masini, M. (2007) : Strain prediction using cross-section restoration: examples from the Apennines and Cantabrian Mountains. Seminario de Investigación, University of Oviedo, 133 p.

• Menéndez-Fernández, M. (2006) : Análisis de los pliegues relacionados con un cabalgamiento y de su fracturación asociada en la zona de La Peñona (Zona Cantábrica, NO Península Ibérica). Seminario de Investigación. University of Oviedo, 99 p.

• Toimil, N.C. (2001) : Aplicación de las relaciones geométricas entre foliación y estratificación al análisis de mecanismos de plegamiento en estrcucturas del NO de la Península Ibérica. Seminario de Investigación, University of Oviedo, 70 p.

• Toimil, N.C. (2005) : Geometría y patrones de deformación de pliegues simétricos desarrollados en capas competentes. Ph.D. thesis, University of Oviedo, 270 p.

• Uzkeda, H. (2009) : Un modelo cinemático para pliegues que acomodan acortamiento en lasi terminaciones de fallas inversas: un ejemplo de la Cuenca de Jaca-Pamplona. MSc. thesis, Departamento de Geología, University of Oviedo, 95 p.

• Geometrical and kinematic analysis of folding
  J. Aller, F. Bastida and N.C. Bobillo-Ares
  
  
• 30 hours short course
• Course taught at the Computers Room, Department of Geology, University of Oviedo, Spain
• Course available in Spanish
• If you are interested in this course, please contact F. Bastida

Course contents:
Geometrical characterisation of folds. Basics of deformation theory. Kinematic mechanisms of folding: equations that describe the distribution of deformation in different mechanisms. Analysis of superposition of different kinematic mechanisms of folding. Description and applications of the software "Foldmodeler". Field methods to analyse folding mechanisms in actual folds; analysis of collected data. Analysis of folding mechanisms in actual folds using "Foldmodeler".

• Construction and validation of 2D structural interpretations
  J. Poblet, M. Bulnes and J. L. Alonso
• 20 hours short course in the laboratory + 2 days fieldtrip
• Course taught at the Seminar Room and Computers Room, Department of Geology, University of Oviedo, Spain (20 hours) and in the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Iberian Peninsula (2 days)
• Course available in Spanish
• If you are interested in this sort course, please contact J. Poblet

Course contents:
Fold reconstruction techniques. Depth to detachment estimations. Fold-prediction models (fault-to-bed models). Fault-prediction models (bed-to-fault models). Application of these techniques to different structural regimes: folds, folds and contractional faults, folds and extensional faults and syntectonic sediments. Balancing and restoration of geological cross sections using computer software: use of different algorithms in different structural regimes, validity of the different algorithms. Construction and validation of 2D structural interpretations through the Cantabrian Mountains, NW Iberian Peninsula.

• Constructing retro-deformable sections across poorly constrained folds related to thrusts and normal faults using graphical and numerical techniques
• 20 hours short course
• Course taught at the Seminar Room, Department of Geology, University of Oviedo, Spain
• Course available in English and Spanish
• If you are interested in this sort course, please contact J. Poblet

Course contents:
Fold reconstruction techniques. Depth to detachment estimations. Fold-prediction models (fault-to-bed models). Fault-prediction models (bed-to-fault models). Application of these techniques to different structural regimes: folds, folds and contractional faults, folds and extensional faults.